Narrative style and character in james joyces clay Essay Example For Students

Narrative style and character in james joyces clay Essay Narrative Style and Character in James Joyces ClayFor many readers, one of the most appealing factors within literature is often the dynamic representation of character.The idiosyncrasies and appearance of characters are often depicted in great depth and presented with a particular bias in mind. The brief format of the short story does not allow for great lengths of detail to be included therefore, alternate writing styles are used. James Joyce adopts the free and indirect narrative technique to present the story of Maria the suppressive spinster in his short story Clay. This particular approach influences the reader to sympathize with Joyces flawed character, while ironically pointing out the particular flaws and directing them towards Irish society. Dubliners is a collection of short stories by James Joyce in which the author utilizes the everyday experiences and rituals of the Irish middle and lower class to publicize his disdain with the Irish society and the political views adopted by the Irish people at the time. Clay is no exception to this format. The Character Maria is described as having witch-like physical features but with maternal and domestic virtues. The irony represented here is that while Maria is so purely maternal, she remains a spinster. Joyce provides the reader with a little more insight into the thoughts of Maria through her expressions of sexual frustration. Ginger Mooneys toast to Maria receiving a ring this Halloween reveals a repressed desire for a man Maria had to laugh and say she didnt want any ring or any man either; and when she laughed her greygreen eyes sparkled with disappointment (pp181) The disappointment in her eyes suggests that she is emerged in a lifestyle in which she is not particularly happy-a sexual paralysis. The reader is presented with a second example of Marias uncomfortable state of emotion, regarding her marital status, in the cake store. Maria blushes and smiles after being asked if she wanted to purchase wedding cake, as though the thought appealed to her.A final example of Marias sexual repression arises when she discovers that she has left the plum cake on the tram. Her conversation with the intoxicated gentleman causes her to be distracted. She later recalls how confused the gentleman with the greyish moustache had made her, she colored with shame and vexation and disappointment (pp182) The shame suggested here could simply indicate her feelings towards her absentmindedness however, Karen Lawrence Suggests it could also be construed as shame for having an interest in the man, which again suggests sexual repression. (Joyce And Feminism p.256 )The character flaws are not directly stated. Joyce uses a free indirect discourse; the narrative assumes the language and rapport of Maria-allowing a third person narrative to exploit a first person point of view(Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms p87). The narrative moves in and out of her consciousness. After the washer women settle in for their tea and Mooney proposes that Maria will receive a ring, Ginger Mooney lifted up her mug of tea and proposed Marias health she knew that Mooney meant well though of course she had the notions of a common woman. (pp181) The point of view is hidden within the narration. This technique allows the irony to be emphasized-what appears to be objective descriptions and observations are really expressions of Marias personal bias. She is assuming that Mooney is sincere in her premonition of Maria getting married. It does not occur to her that she is being ridiculed. The description of the Halloween game is another example of Marias version of life. As she blindly reaches for an object to signify her future, she finds death. .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 , .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .postImageUrl , .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 , .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:hover , .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:visited , .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:active { border:0!important; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:active , .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697 .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u043c062720d86d702f46f0a262cf8697:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead a play by to Essay Marias version is more nave. Instead of realizing the significance of her choice, she simply assumes the commotion around her is signifying that she did something wrong and must choose again. Joyce presents Marias constant naivete of her surrounding as a form of ignorance.Through the use of irony, Joyce illustrates the ignorance of Maria and applies her paralysis to the whole of Irish society. The free indirect narrative style acts as a device to present the tale from Marias point of view however, the irony injected into discourse serves to criticize Maria and her state of paralysis. The free indirect discourse ties together the sympathy and irony of Marias character and the society she representsLawrence, Karen. Joyce and Feminism. New York: Oxford University Geddes, Gary. The Art Of Short Fiction. Clay pp178-185. Ontario: Bal*censored*, Chris Concise Dictionary Of Literary Terms. New York:Bibliography:

Social Media Web Resource Management

Abstract Gentle (2009) defines social media as â€Å"the use of web-based and mobile technologies to turn communication into an interactive dialogue†. Its popularity has been growing exponentially in the last few years. Among the most vibrant include twitter and facebook.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Social Media Web Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper addresses measuring the impact of social media by looking at challenges, practices and methods. Effects of social media can be felt from in communication, events, information access and management, as well as brand building and monitoring. Social media web resource management is accomplished using different systems and techniques. This paper briefly analyzes Drupal,Joomla, Plone and siteforum. The analysis is done through degree centrality, betweenness centrality, network centralization and network reaches. As social media l gains popularity, more challenges arise. These include information management, privacy, customer adoption, regulations and policy formulation, all addressed in this paper. Finally the paper concludes that social media is an e-commerce platform with significant benefits and cannot be ignored. The papers also presents recommendations based on the identified problems. Introduction â€Å"The term social media refers to the use of web-based and mobile technologies to turn communication into an interactive dialogue† (Gentle, 2009). Social media allows creation and exchange of content, particularly user-generated. Its main purpose is to create interaction platforms, enabling scalability to various communication techniques. It further allows accessibility to various communication channels between organizations, communities and individuals. In every organization today, social media has substantial effect on how communication is carried implemented. Social media today is in different forms including social blogs, wikis, podcasts, social bookmarking, pictures and videos, just to mention a few.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Benkler (2006) researched, â€Å"there are six different types of social media namely; collaborative projects, blogs and micro-blogs, content communities, social networking sites, virtual game worlds and virtual social worlds†. The technologies differ but most of them can be integrated in social networking platforms. The main features of social media arise from its level of accessibility, usability, permanence, immediacy and reachability (Shirky, 2008). Businesses and individuals are able to reach an audience for different purposes. For businesses, social media has created an ease of reaching a global audience. Social media is easily accessible to both the private organizations, as well as the public. As opposed to the industrial media, where communication lag easily occurs, social media creates immediacy in communication. It allows change and editing of information as opposed to industrial media where permanence makes it hard to alter information once it has been released to the intended audience. Effects of social media Several surveys and studies reveal that social media plays a significant role in the economy and business trends in different regions. It also plays a significant role in the day-to-day lives of people. According to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Wire (2011), â€Å"social networking accounts for 22% of all the time spent online in the US†. The same survey revealed that more than 230 million people in the United States use their mobile devices to access social media. This figure only represents those people above the age of 13. In 2009, Australians recorded the highest number of hours spent on social media. Over 9 million people in the region were on a social site an av erage of 9 hours per month. While in the past social media was considered to be for the young, this trend is slowly changing and old people are embracing the trend. In 2010, the number social media users aged 65 years and above doubled. In the United States, it is approximated that one on every four people aged about the age of 65 uses social media. The number of people registered in different social sites further proves the level of significance it has in people’s lives today. By June this year, facebook had already registered over 750 million users (Kincaid, 2011). From the following statistics, it is evident that social media is a phenomenon that cannot just be ignored. The effects can be analyzed in the following areas;Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Social Media Web Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication Social media plays a significant role in the way people communi cate, what they communicate and when. If a business is able to survey and understand these trends, it is bound to benefit tremendously from the amount of exchange that takes place on social sites. For example, people are likely to discuss less serious issues in the evenings after work. This might not be the best time for a business to try and introduce a discussion on more complex matters. Furthermore, many social media sites are created with simplicity in mind, a function that organizations should put into consideration as they try to interact with their audience. Events Event creation and management has become easier in the era of social media. Most social sites such as facebook allow for easy creation and management of events. Interaction with targeted participants makes it easy to gather feedback and work towards meeting everyone’s expectations. Whether it is a personal, professional of political event, the ease of getting people together through social media is evident. Userability in events management is most evident in the entertainment and political arenas. Developers have today come up with functions is social media that allow constant updates and notification in the case that significant changes related to the event occur. This way, even forgetful and overly busy people are still up-to-date with the rest of the participants through notifications. Information access and management For business, easy access to information is probably the most significant benefit they have reaped from involving themselves in social media. The success of any business is highly dependent on their ability to disperse relevant about their products to the market, as well as get feedback on the same. Social media has not only allowed this, but has also allowed organizations to sort out information before it reaches them. This is through functions such as liking or disliking a product available in some of the social media sites. This way, a business is able to make a qu ick conclusion over the customers’ reactions before analyzing the data in detail. Brand building and monitoring A significant advantage offered by the social media is how immediate feedback can be on a product. It is possible for an individual or organization to test a brand by exposing it to their audience in social media. It is also possible to influence opinion through social media by associating a product with fan activities in the internet.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social media as a marketing tool has enable businesses to build their brands and manage their reputation to a global audience. Furthermore, it is possible to measure results arising social media though different measurement parameters. One example of these measurement parameters is network analysis, which is â€Å"the study of social relations among a set of actors, characterized by a distinctive methodology encompassing techniques for collecting data, statistical analysis and visual representation, among others† (Bernoff and Li, 2008). Social media web resource management A content management system is done through different systems such as Drupal. â€Å"It is a free and open-source management system (CMS) and content management framework (CMF) written in PHP and distributed under the GNU (General Public License)† (VanDyk, 2008). Through this system, users are able to register and create accounts. A developer is able to maintain the site and manage the menu. Through D rupal, it is also possible to customize layout and make system administration easier. Another system used to manage content is Joomla. It is defined by Kafer and Emma (2009) as â€Å"free and open source content managing System (CMS) for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets and a model-view-controller (MVC) web application framework that can also be used independently†. It is mostly applicable in data storage, managing a database, page caching, managing blogs, search services and internationalization of language. It can be installed via different platforms the most common being the Microsoft web installer. Plone is a common management system is social media. â€Å"It is a free and open source content management system† (Kafer and Emma, 2009). It is used for different kinds of websites such as blogs and internal websites. It also used for internet sites and webshots. It is mostly preferred for its flexibility and adaptability. It enable easy work flow and offers very good security. Furthermore, developers that use it commend it for flexibility and high usability. Plone features include collaboration and sharing, working copy support, inline editing, versioning, and graphic page editors, among others. Another system that is gaining popularity in the recent past is Siteforum. This a software-as-a-service product offered by the Siteforum company in Germany. The software includes number functionalities such as virtual event and online marketing. It is used in social networking as a collaboration tool. The company offers the software as a hosting, storage and traffic model. Its functions cover content management system and virtual events such as administration, intranet, online-shop, marketing and support. For businesses that use social media as a marketing tool, functions such as online marketing and customer relations management are significant. Social network analysis â€Å"Social network analysis (SNA) is the mapping and measurin g of relationship and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers, URLs, and other connected information/knowledge entities† (Bernoff and Li, 2008). The nodes represent the people while the links represent the relationship between individuals and/or groups. Experts and consultants in this field of study use SNA to understand organization and business networks analysis. This method of analysis can be used to understand social networking even at an individual level. Different concepts are used to understand social networking. Degree centrality â€Å"Social networking is analyzed using a degrees concept, which is used to understand the number of flows or connections between nodes† (VanDyk, 2008). The person or group with the most direct connections is considered as having the most active node. When social networking is used for business, common wisdom interprets more connections as better. What matters in this analysis is where the connections lead to and the be nefits of leading that way. Businesses for example only connect to others who are already connected. Betweenness centrality This measures the location of a node and its connectivity to the rest of the network. For example, being between important constituents makes one in an easily connectable location. A highly connected person or group located centrally can be said to play a broker role in the system and network. â€Å"A node with high betweenness has great influence over what flows and what doesn’t in the network† (VanDyk, 2008). Such a node has control over the outcome of different connections attached to it. It also has visibility into the rest of the network. Network Centralization As Krebs (2011) explains, â€Å"individual network centralities provide insight into the individual’s location in the network and the relationship between the centralities of all nodes can reveal much about the overall network structure†. Such networks are dominated by fe w participants and activity is on a few nodes. Such connections are considered unstable since they can easily and abruptly fail if the main connection is removed. Less centralized networks are considered most stable since they have no single point of failure. In the event of intentional attacks, they may survive since the attack’s point of entry is not centralized. This type of connection in social networking is also protected from random failures since the link is not on a specific node. Network reach Benkler (2006) argues that â€Å"not all paths are created equal and shorter paths are more important†. Tapscott and William (2006) further explain that â€Å"networks have horizons over which we cannot see, nor influence†. In any network, there are specific network paths which are critical and which we should pay attention to. â€Å"It is therefore important for any business or individual to know who is on their network, who is in their neighborhood and who they can reach† (Tapscott and William, 2006). In social networking, connections happen through network integration, boundary spanners and peripheral players. In network integration, â€Å"network metrics are often measured using geodesics or shortest paths which make the erroneous assumption that all information/influence flows along the network’s shortest paths only† (Tapscott and William, 2006). Social networking best happens via the shortest and most direct connections. Being on many efficient paths is paramount since there are many different interpretations coming from different paths. This is particularly beneficial for those in business. It allows both local and distant information to travel around the network. â€Å"In boundary spanners, nodes connecting their group to others usually end up with high network metrics† (Surowiecki, 2004). The spanners are more central in the network and allow a wider coverage than that within the local connection. The spa nners should be well-connected to the central location since they have access to information from all the clusters in the network. The information can be put together to form new products and services by the innovators. Finally, in peripheral players, the nodes are not considered as being very important. â€Å"Since individual networks overlap, peripheral nodes are connected to networks that are not currently mapped† (Krebs, 2011). Participants in the network might have individual networks outside their company, a function that can be very resourceful in collecting fresh information from outside the company. Challenges Due to amount of information transacted through the social media, several challenges rise. The first significant challenge is consumer adoption. For many consumers, transition from tradition media to social sites presents a challenge. The change is particularly difficult for people aged 65 years and above. The rate at which usability changes further makes it di fficult for people who may not be able to catch up with new functions created each day. Even for young people, social media tends to favor people with an interest in technology. Regulation, privacy and adoption present a significant challenge to the adoption of social media in different regions. Issues of privacy have been a source of heated debate among regulators, users and developers. Many sites require very personal information to register or sign is as a user. The issues of regulation continue to spark battles between those designing the rules, those responsible for implementation and users. A good example of how regulation and privacy affect social media is China for dictating what citizens can share or not. The third challenge is managing the amount of information transacted through social media platforms. Some organizations may find the amount of feedback from customers overwhelming. This is especially common among organizations that choose to use the social media but lack g ood information management capacity. The nature of social media is in such a way that users expect a response to their questions or concerns almost immediately. This can be both tiring and expensive for an organization that lacks the technical capacity to create automatic response systems. Conclusion As explained in the beginning, social media allows creation and exchange of content, particularly user-generated. Its main purpose is to create interaction platforms, enabling scalability to various communication techniques. The invention of social media platforms has allows easy access to communication channels in the internet, ease of accessing a global audience and overwhelming levels of interaction between people from all parts of the world. As the world warms up doing almost everything through the internet, social media presents an opportunity for business to stay relevant in an online world. Managing social media websites and designs has created a competitive market in the area of innovations. Most common managing systems include Drupal,Joomla, Plone and Siteforum. The need to create a vibrant environment is social media means that more are being created each day. The effects can be analyzed through various parameters such as degree of centrality, betweenness centrality, network centralization and network reaches. As innovations and applications become more complex, so do challenges. Major headaches for developers and users include privacy, policies and regulation. For businesses, inflow of information may be overwhelming, making it hard to manage. In conclusion, social media today has major influence in how e-commerce is conducted and how its direction of growth. The trends are exciting and vibrant, making it hard to predict how much more influence it will have in businesses and lives in future. Recommendations The world today can be considered as an ‘online world’ where people shop, learn, talk, work and even travel online. As this happens, bu sinesses, organizations, individuals, governments and consumers stand to gain many things. Therefore, it is important that each of these people be strategically placed to reap the benefits of being able to reach the rest of the world easily. Internet marketing as well as online media campaigns and buys are the new trends in the business world. For players in the market to fully benefit, â€Å"it is important for them to build their network or community when they use social media tools, and it is equally important to maintain that community if they really want to benefit from social media use† (Peacock, 2008). Challenges arising are many, but can be resolved if all the major stakeholders such as governments, investors and consumers are involved. Governments should find means and ways of supporting positive developments in social media rather than restricting utilization. Users have a responsibility of ensuring that they use social media responsibly by protecting themselves fro m security challenges that may arise from participation in different functions. It is also important that businesses use their position positively. Using their position and technological advantages to hurt customers should be prohibited by the law and avoided by business. This is particularly important in the way they use personal information made available to them by their customers. Governments through regulations need to ensure that every stakeholder is protected. Reference List Benkler, Y. 2006. The wealth of networks. New Haven: Yale University Press. Bernoff, J. and Li, C., 2008. Groundwell: Winning in a word transformed by social technologies. Boston: Harvard Business Press. Gentle, A., 2009. Conversation and community: The social web documentation. Fort Collins, Colo: XML Press. Kafer, K. and EmmA, H., 2009. Front end drupal: Designing, theming scripting. Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. Krebs, V.,2011. Social network analysis: A brief introduction. Web. Kincaid, J., 2011. Facebo ok now has 750 million users. Web. Nielsen Wire, 2011. Social networks/blogs now account for one in every four and a half minutes online. Web. Peacock, M., 2008. Selling online with Drupal e-commerce. Birmigham, England: Packt Publishing. Shirky, C. 2008. Here comes everybody. New York: Penguin Press. Surowiecki, J. 2004. The wisdom of crowds. New York: Anchor Books. Tapscott, D. and William, A., 2006. Wikinomics. New York: Porfolio. VanDyk, J.K., 2008. Pro Drupal Development, Second edition. New York: Springer Vertalag/Apress. This coursework on Social Media Web Resource Management was written and submitted by user Nickolas Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ethical Leadership in Business Essay Sample

Ethical Leadership in Business Essay Sample Ethical Leadership in Business Essay Ethics is specific standards set within an organization to guide employees. Business decisions are made based on these standards. Hence, they affect the way companies operate and how the company interacts with its employee, customer, the community, and other shareholders. Ethical leadership plays an important role and is known to be the most important factor that promotes productivity in workplaces. Ethical leadership is associated with individual characteristics and includes honesty and trustworthiness. The importance of leadership cannot be underestimated, and the management sets the tone for every decision made within a company. Therefore, ethical leaders are considered as role models and have the ability to hold their employees accountable. Leaders are looked upon as the key decision makers; they have a huge responsibility to ensure that all stakeholders are comfortable at all times. A leader with ethical morals exercises their duty by showing good examples and treating people fairly. Ethical leaders are more like role models and take moral identity as an important element. Thus, they behave in ways that are rational and logical. Individual moral identity means having specific behavior such as caring and being compassionate. Therefore, moral identity is linked to ethical leadership, which is further related to social behavior like charity. Practicing ethical leadership is essential for those in authority because it makes a significant impact to his subordinates. Employees will behave ethically and avoid being unethical depending on the leaders’ action. Those in authority are in charge disciplining an employee who breaches any ethical code. Therefore, they lead by example. Ethical leadership emphasizes the need to acquire positive outcomes, but also obtaining these positive outcomes within specific ethical standards. In leadership, transparency plays an important role in upholding the companys image. To display ethical leadership means to set good examples for employees to enable them to follow the organization culture. It is about creating policies and code of conduct that are useful in setting straight what is expected of employees. It is important that employees feel safe within their work environment. Therefore, a conductive environment that fosters open communication is key in maintaining standard ethical practices. Whereby employees can feel free to report to the higher authority in case a senior officer behaves unethically. One way organizations promote ethical leadership is by taking seriously any complaint forwarded by the employee. Organizations also need to offer ethic training regularly to help create a better ethical environment. As part of compliance efforts, the organization needs to invite motivational speakers to help employees see the sense of practicing ethical behavior. To ensure that ethical standards are maintained. Strict punishment should be administered to those violating the ethical standard. To promote ethical standards, the old employees and new employees should be aware of the organizations code of ethics, and every employee should be aware of the organizations core values. Employees need to be guided to adopt appropriate behavior. Factors like integrity, sense of responsibility, discipline, emphasis on quality and teamwork need to be emphasized at all times. In todays world, young people are ambitious and are eager to succeed using all means. Most employees are willing to engage in any means by foregoing their ethics and moral values to achieve success. It is important that part of the organization ongoing ethical compliance employees should be aware of the values and ethics required by the company. In a nutshell, ethical leadership involves considering different factors that can affect employees and be mindful of employees. Ethical leadership is the most important element in business. Ethical leadership creates ethical workplaces thus leaders are expected to uphold certain values to maintain the integrity of the organization.

Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care essay part 2Essay Writing Service

Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care essay part 2Essay Writing Service Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care essay part 2 Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care essay part 2Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care essay part  1Finally, there are private health and social care models that are funded entirely by private investors. In such a case, the health and social care lies under the full responsibility of privately owned organisations but the government agencies still have the right to monitor their performance to prevent the risk of the violation of human rights of patients or their abuse.However, as a rule, private health care organisations that also provide social care services are responsible because they are interested in the maintenance of the positive public image to attract more customers. Such health and social care organisations often have their own system of monitoring and control to ensure that their health and social care professionals provide patients with care of the high quality. Nevertheless, the government regulatory and controlling agencies should still keep suc h health and social care under control because there is still a probability that they may develop a negligent attitude toward their professional duties that may lead to such cases as was the case of the Mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A.Furthermore, today, the partnership in health and social care are regulated by the Health and Social Care Act of 2012, which regulates health and social care services and creates legal conditions for partnerships in health and social care. However, the Health and Social Care Act of 2012 focuses on setting regulations that will enhance the quality of health and social care with the prioritization of the unification of health and social care. In other words, the current legislation focuses on the merger of health and social care, while they used to develop separately in the past.Moreover, the mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A case has triggered the public debate and forced legislators to launch legal changes to protect patients, in case of professional negligence and under-performance of health and social care organisations and professionals working in those organisations. D. Cameron proposed to improve patient care, increase accountability of hospitals and tackle a culture of â€Å"complacency† in the National Health Service.  He proposed establishing the new post of chief inspector of hospitals (Limentani, 1999).In such a way, new legislative initiatives aim at the enhancement of the government monitoring and control over health and social care and partnerships in this field (Davis, 2006). In this regard, the current legislation provides the basis on the ground of which the further enhancement of the government control and monitoring should be implemented at the legislative level. Organisations operating in health and social care partnerships should be under the government control that decreases the probability of such cases as the Mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A.At the same time, it is worth mentioning the fact that differences in practices and policies in health care and social care have a considerable impact on the collaborative working and partnerships. In fact, the difference in practices and policies lead to substantial communication gaps and misunderstandings between health care and social care professionals.Moreover, such partnerships cannot integrate into their organisational structure that means that health care organisations remain disintegrated from social care organisations because of the differences in their practices and policies. The lack of the integration has a negative impact on the performance of organisations. In such a situation, patients cannot count on stable and reliable health and social care services because some services may overlap, while others may be under-performed.In such a situation, the effectiveness of the partnership in health care and social care decreases because they cannot work as a homogeneous body empl oying the same policies and practices. At this point, it is possible to refer to the case of mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A which has proved the ineffectiveness of such partnership and its failure was, to a significant extent, determined by the differences in practices and policies conducted by health care and social care providers.Section CIn fact, possible outcomes of partnerships in health and social care may be highly controversial. On the one hand, such partnerships have the huge potential. Health and social care partnerships can contribute to the consistent qualitative improvement of both health and social care. Isolated, social and health care services are less effective because they cannot always complement each other. On the contrary, health care organisations offer a set of health care services, while social care organisations offer their services which are not always related to health care services received by patients. In case of partnerships, patient s can enjoy health and social care services that complement each other. What is meant here is the fact that patients receiving health care services can also receive those social care services that match their current needs in terms of their health condition, ability/disability, and overall physical or mental health.On the other hand, the risk of such cases as was the case of the mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A persists. This is why partnerships may lead to the deception of patients, violation of their basic human rights, neglect and even death. In such a context, partnerships in health and social care often confront severe criticism from the part of the public as well as professionals working in both fields, i.e. health care and social care. The major source of criticism is the possibility of avoiding the just legal action, in case of the violation of partnerships or insufficient or ineffective performances in terms of partnerships. At this point, it is also worth mentioning the fact that partners may repose the responsibility on each other. For example, health care organisation may justify persisting health problems of a patient by poor social care services and, on the contrary, social care professionals can explain the failure of their performance by the poor health of clients and under-performance of health care professionals.The major potential barriers to partnerships in health and social care are closely intertwined with the difference in practices and policies conducted by health care and social care organisations. Many researchers (Coddington, Fischer,   Moore, 2000) point out that the difference in practices and policies persists today and has a considerable impact on the performance of health and social care partnerships.Furthermore, communication gaps may also raise barriers on the way to the effective partnership between health and social care. In actuality, communication gaps are particularly dangerous for the overall success of health and social care partnerships because the poor communication prevents partners from the effective interaction. As a result, organisations comprising the partnership under-perform. For example, health care professionals may provide incomplete information to social workers on a patient and social workers may fail to meet needs of the patient to the full extent. Similarly, the lack of information on social conditions and conditions of living of the patents may lead to the ineffective treatment since health care professionals cannot take into consideration all factors that may influence the health condition of their patient.At the same time, barriers may arise in the result of certain overlapping of functions, when health care professionals and organisations may believe that social care professionals and organisations interfere into their domain and vice versa. Therefore, they need to distribute functions clearly. In addition, the overlapping of functions increases costs of bot h health and social care that is absolutely unacceptable, when the costs of health care services are already high.Nevertheless, it is obvious that partnerships in health and social care may be effective. In this respect, it is possible to recommend several strategies to enhance such partnerships and make them more effective than they are at the moment. First, health care and social care organisations should eliminate differences in their practices and policies. The elimination of the differences may involve the development of common standards and reorganisation and restructuring that helps organisation to elaborate the common organisational structure, distribute functions effectively and provide clients with health and social care services of the high quality.Second, the close integration of health care and social care organisation should lead to the steady elimination of the frontline between them that means that health care professionals should be able to deliver basic social care services, while social workers should be able to deliver basic health care services. Such integration of health and social care professionals can help them to understand each other better. Therefore, they will be able to interact with each other better because they will understand what each other do and how they do it.Third, the enhancement of monitoring and control over health and social care partnership is essential but such monitoring and control should not be bound to the government monitoring and control only. Instead, independent auditing may be needed, including the involvement of auditing agencies as well as public organisations which may monitor the performance of health and social care partnerships effectively and professionally.   The monitoring and control will prevent such cases as the Mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A case. At any rate, the risk of occurrence of such cases will drop substantially, if health and social care organisations remain under the permanent monitoring and control from the part of the government agencies.Finally, the improvement of health and social care partnership should start with the close collaboration of professionals working in these two fields. Health care professionals should work hand in hand with social workers. In such a way, they will not only share their experience but they will also learn to understand each other better as they know how they work and what challenges they confront. The close cooperation helps health and social care professionals to understand specificities of their job and, thus, understand each other better.ConclusionThus, the case of the mid Staffordshire NHS foundation trust and Adult A reveals the full extent to which the current legislation concerning health and social care in the UK is imperfect. At the same time, the partnership in health and social care is still very prospective. This is why policy makers should consider possibilities of the improvement of such partn erships and enhancement of the government and public control over their performance.

Choose any song you wish (contemporary is fine). Using AT LEAST one Essay

Choose any song you wish (contemporary is fine). Using AT LEAST one verse and the refrain, discuss the lyrics in terms of poetr - Essay Example In this analysis, the paper will consider verses two and three including the refrain. In the song, Tyrell asks his wife to accompany him to various great places such as Bombay, Peru and Ac apulco Bay, which he promises to be full of fun and joy. His convincing voice is felt in lines like â€Å"in llama land there's a one-man band/ and he'll toot his flute for you† (Tyrell, 5-6), to signify the much fun they were to have in Peru. Tyrell the singer will be the one man band who will be playing the flute to the new wedded wife in Peru. To express his love for the lady, he chooses different places full of fun, perhaps with interesting things he is sure that the wife would love. He engages her thoughts romantically by painting a romantic picture in her head. Sweet-talking her to accept his proposal, Tyrell sings, â€Å"Once I get you up there I'll be holding you so near/ You may hear all the angels cheer 'cause we're together (Tyrell, 11-12).† Not only does he show his deep l ove to the woman, but also paints a romantic picture in her head. He first asks her to come and fly away with him, and later promises that they will stay up in the sky, where he would hold her so near that she would hear the angels cheer because they are together. In Ac apulco Bay, he promises her that they will have a perfect weather for a honeymoon and beat the birds, which would bring them closer, creating more fun and happiness. He then asks her to join him and insists that they will fly together to all these places. Imagery Through imagery, Tyrell paints numerous scenes that are enticing to the woman. He creates a lasting picture in her mind that is supposed to be both romantic and appealing. Extensively, the singer uses symbolism and personification to create a romantically enticing picture in the imagination of the woman. He tells her to go with him, so that they can float down to Peru, where a one man band will play a flute for her. He creates an urge in the woman, prompting her to desire the great feeling of flying, and the music from the flute, which is most likely her favourite music instrument. Although Tyrell does not mention the band’s name, he is a singer and will probably be the band. However, to create a lasting impression and increase her anxiety, he conceals the name of the band. Moreover, he promises to take her to the sky where he would hold her very closely. The close that they would be to the sky, she would even hear the angels cheering their unison. â€Å"Once I get you up there I'll be holding you so near/ you may hear all the angels cheer 'cause we're together (Tyrell 11-12). By this, he means that even in heaven, their marriage has been approved. The perfect Ac apulco bay for a honeymoon is meant to let her know that he never settled for simple places, but the best, full of fun such as bird hunting and perfect weather. With these images in her mind, Tyrell hopes that he manages to successfully convince his women to accompany him to the honeymoon. Alliteration

Astronomy - Dark Matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Astronomy - Dark Matter - Essay Example 23 percent is dark matter, which we cannot observe and is invisible to us and 73 percent is dark energy which is countering the effects of gravity and hence driving the expansion of the universe. The idea of dark matter came after observing the motion of spiral galaxies like our own Milky Way. Motion of the stars in Andromeda Galaxy, which is our nearest, was observed. In case of spiral galaxy, it was expected that the stars at the outer layer or arms of the galaxy would move faster than the ones on the inside to keep up with the shape of the galaxy. The observations, however, were contradicting this notion and readings showed stars at the outside moving with almost the same speed as the inner stars. Since gravity depends on mass of the object, it was calculated that the visible mass of the galaxy was not enough to keep it together. The anomaly in the motion of spiral galaxy suggested that the mass of the galaxy might be more than it seems. We see circular motion all around us in the universe from the motion of our planets around the sun and in a similar way motion of stars around galactic center. Calculations suggested that the visible mass of the galaxy did not have enough gravitational force to overcome the centrifugal force in spiral galaxies and with the mass of visible matter; the galaxies would lose their spiral shape and break away. Since, this is not the case and we see spiral galaxies all around us; there must be invisible matter that seems to have a gravitational effect but does not interact with visible matter. This invisible matter is called dark matter and it has mass which in turn gives it gravitational force. An explanation for this missing mass was given that red dwarfs or remnants of supernovas which are difficult to observe because they are low light sources, could account for this missing mass; but, the idea was soon ruled out because the missing mass discrepancy could not be justified with even dwarf galaxies. Dark matter may not be visible to us, but, there are strong observations pointing towards its existence. Gravitational lensing is an effect which points towards existence of dark matter. As per Einstein’s theory, light bends with the gravitational effect of massive objects. Dark matter does not interact with light, but, because it has mass, light from distant galaxies bend around areas with dark matter. The area of dark matter in between the telescope and the galaxies, act as a giant lens and distorts the image, magnifies some galaxies and even causes circular lines distortions typical with common lenses (Kleingrothaus and Arnowitt 27). It is further observed that galaxies form within clumps of dark matter. Dark matter is thought to be the skeleton aiding in formation of galaxies. It is still not completely understood how the galaxies form, but when computer simulations are run for creation of galaxies with only the visible matter, the result point towards a failed galaxy that could not hold itself togeth er. However, with the inclusion of dark matter or extra mass, the evolution of galaxies as per the computer simulations line up with the images we observe in the universe (Clavin 2). Visible matter joins in the clumps of dark matter and stars initially form because of increased effect of gravity. Over time galaxies evolve from elliptical to circular disks and eventually in their present form that is spiral galaxies. The mystery of dark matter questions

What Is Community in Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

What Is Community in Of Mice and Men Essay Explain what community is-group of likeminded/brought together people. Group or society, helping each other. Introduction- talk about various methods/techniques Steinbeck uses to portray community in 1930s America. -structure; animal imagery; symbolism -Steinbeck’s use of language reinforces his depiction of community The novel starts with an idyllic, natural scene. This creates a sense of peacefulness and calm. However, this scene is disrupted by George and Lennie’s arrival. Key parts through the story: When G +L come down the path to the clearing, G is leading the way and L is following him. (This shows that in 1930s American community, there were those at the top of the hierarchy that ultimately controlled those at the lower end of the hierarchy. G+L are on their way to the nearby ranch, but the bus driver dropped them of 4 miles away. This is significant as it is the first sign that they never end up where they want to be. (Also shows community was selfish, as the driver dropped them of 4 miles away) The boss is suspicious of G. He has never seen â€Å"one guy take so much trouble for another guy† he’s not used to kindness or decency. (Shows lack of community, as G’s kindness for lennie seems suspicious towards the boss) When G tells Curley that he and L are travelling together, Curley says â€Å"oh, so it’s that way†-he doesn’t think it’s normal for two men to travel together. Carlson tries to start a fight with Curley, calling him â€Å"yella as a frog belly†-Candy joins in too. Fighting seems to bring the men together. (Shows community follows the ‘use and abuse’ system. Shows that to an extent, there is a sense of community in the form of support. After L and Curley’s fight scene, slim takes control of the situation and persuades Curley to say his hand was crushed in a machine. (Shows the community coming together to support one another.) The chapter set in crooks’ room highlights one of the key themes-prejudice. Crook’s room is completely separate from the bunkhouse. He is kept away from white men. He is segregated from the other ranchers. He isn’t welcome in the bunk house- â€Å"they say I stink† as a result, crooks won’t welcome the other ranchers into his room. (shows community was racist and prejudiced) Over his bed, crooks has lots of medicine bottles, â€Å"both for himself and for the horses†. Crooks doesn’t keep the bottles separate as he doesn’t see himself as different form the animals. His room is just off the barn-lives right next to the horses.† Horses are a symbol that crooks is treated like an animal on the ranch. (shows racist, inhumane, brutal community.) Steinbeck shows that the community revolves around power most times. Whoever is at the top, or near the top of the hierarchy has the most power Despite the unhappy working environment, to an extent, there is a level of support. The ranch workers live/cope with each other.